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从父系遗传结构分析壮族的起源与分类
作者：陈晶    文章来源：现代人类学通讯    点击数：    更新时间：2008-1-18    
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从父系遗传结构分析壮族的起源与分类

Origin and Classification of Zhuang Analyzed by

Paternal Genetic Structure

陈晶

广西中医学院第一附属医院综合实验室，中国 南宁 530023

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西南壮族各支系分布地图

 

摘要：壮族是中国最大的少数民族，与东南亚广泛分布的泰老族群有着密切的关系，在东亚人群的遗传结构研究中地位非常特殊。然而，由于壮民族缺乏通用的本族文字，历经数千年的发展，壮民族内部人群的迁徙融合及交流状况很难在现有的文字资料中有所发现。仅有的材料是从语言上将壮族人群区分为壮语北部方言组和南部方言组。为了解壮族人群的内部遗传结构，我们从父系遗传物质Y染色体入手，根据东亚人群特异的18个Y染色体双等位标记，7个Y-STR标记，对壮族各个支系共八个人群的DNA样本进行限制性长度片段多态酶切、荧光PCR确定SNP、STR等实验技术分析，及主成份分析、聚类分析、分子方差分析等详尽的遗传学分析技术，调查了壮族各个支系的DNA多样性，分别确定其Y-SNP、Y-STR，揭示壮族的内部遗传结构。结果发现，壮族的主要Y染色体单倍群为O*、O2a、O1。壮族的遗传结构中有几个层次，最早的O*、O2a成分普遍出现在各个支系中，第二层是由东部来的百越核心成分O1，第三层是北方来的汉族成分O3，与壮族的历史事件和其他人类学研究基本一致。壮族支系遗传结构体现出以红水河支系为中心从东往西的梯度变化过程。传统的对壮族按方言分为南北二组的分类方法在遗传上并没有依据。

关键词：Y染色体；壮族；内部遗传结构；多起源

Origin and Classification of Zhuang Analyzed by Paternal Genetic Structure

ABSTRACT: Zhuang nationality, the largest minority in China, is quite close to Thai and Lao in culture, and therefore, plays an important role in the genetic structure study of East Asian population. However, without formal writing of their own language, it is quite difficult to trace back the origin and migration history of Zhuang with the existent Chinese records. The only classification of Zhuang populations is linguistic. Zhuang people can be classified into northern and southern groups basing on their dialects. In order to understand Zhuang’s internal genetic structure, herein, the DNA diversity of eight Zhuang branches were investigated after determining their Y chromosome haplotypes that represent paternal inheritance with 18 East Asia specific Y-chromosome biallelic markers, 7 Y-chromosome STR markers. RFLP, fluorescence-PCR techniques and detail genetics analyses such as principal component, hierarchical clustering and AMOVA analysis were performed. As a result, on Y-chromosome, O*, O2a and O1 were found to be the most common haplogroups in Zhuang populations. Here O* and O2a were the native component; O1, the core component of Baiyue from eastern China, was brought to Zhuang later; and finally, O3 from northern Han was introduced. This result is quite consistent with history records and other anthropological studies. In addition, a Hongshuihe-centric, east-to-west gradient change rather than an expected south-north profile was observed in the genetic structure of Zhuang whereas various genetic analyses were performed, indicating that the traditionally linguistic classification of northern and southern Zhuang groups is short of genetics supports.

Key words: Y chromosome; Zhuang; Internal genetic structure; Multiple origin

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